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Canwi: Calculations and order of operations

This article explains the order of operations for computing cash flow in Canwi (including the first year)

Cameron Drury avatar
Written by Cameron Drury
Updated over 3 weeks ago

Calculations

Updates to calculations for Year 1 are currently in progress

If you’re new to financial projections, start with our overview: Generic article on how Financial Projections work

How we account for cash flow in your first year

Your plan in Canwi is always projected and displayed in calendar years (Jan–Dec) so it’s easy to follow. Tax in Australia is calculated on a financial year (1 July – 30 June). In the background, we line these up so your plan is accurate.

Example: Plan starting March 2024

Assume:

  • Salary = $100,000 per year

  • Living expenses = $3,000/month

  • Debt repayments = $1,000/month

Here’s how we project your first year (March–Dec 2024):

  1. March - June 2024 (4 months left in FY24):

    • Income: $33,333 (4/12 of $100k)

    • Expenses: $12,000 (4 × $3,000)

    • Debt repayments: $4,000 (4 × $1,000)

    • Tax: calculated for this portion of the financial year. We assume your salary has been consistent since July 2023, so we can correctly pro-rate income tax and deductions for this stub period.

  2. July - Dec 2024 (6 months in FY25):

    • Income: $50,000 (6/12 of $100k, plus any wage growth if set)

    • Expenses: $18,000 (6 × $3,000)

    • Debt repayments: $6,000 (6 × $1,000)

    • Tax: withheld for the first half of the new financial year (FY25).

  3. What you’ll see in Canwi:

    • Total income = $83,333

    • Total Tax = $18,990

    • Total expenses = $30,000

    • Total debt repayments = $10,000

    • Tax withheld = pro-rated across both FY24 and FY25

    • Net cashflow = Income − Tax − Expenses − Debt

Order of operations

The financial model in Canwi follows a structured sequence to calculate yearly projections. The model iterates year by year, taking into account various financial factors, modifying them based on events, and computing the impact on assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and tax.

Step 1: Establish Initial Values

At the start of each year, the model retrieves or initializes key financial values from the previous year including:

  • Cash Balance

  • Asset Values

  • Liability Values

  • Income Values

  • Expense Values

If it's the first year, these values are derived from declared initial values.

Step 2: Event Impacts

We determine & implmenent the impacts from any events such as promotions, buying assets etc (as we assume these all occur either Jan 1 of the year they've been added to, OR in the first year of your plan on the 1st day of your plan's start month).

Events (such as life events) impact financial figures, but not all events require knowledge of taxable income. This step applies only non-income-dependent events to:

  • Income (modifications to income sources)

  • Expenses (modifications to recurring and one-time costs)

  • Assets (contributions to investment assets)

  • Liabilities (changes in outstanding debts and repayment schedules)

Step 3: Apply Asset and Liability-Based Impacts

Once non-income-dependent modifications are applied, additional financial impacts are calculated based on existing assets and liabilities. This includes:

  • Asset Impacts (e.g., dividends, rental income, interest)

  • Liability Impacts (e.g., loan repayments, interest costs)

  • Income Impacts

  • Expense Impacts

These impacts are then applied to update the respective financial categories.

Step 4: Apply Growth Calculations

Now that all modifications have been incorporated, the system calculates growth for different financial components:

  • Asset Growth (e.g., capital appreciation of investments)

  • Liability Growth (e.g., remaining loan balance changes due to repayments and interest)

  • Income Growth (e.g., salary increases, wage growth)

  • Expense Growth (e.g., inflation adjustments on living costs)

Step 5: Calculate Cashflow Impacts

At this stage, the model calculates all financial inflows and outflows:

  • Income-Driven Cashflow Impacts (salary, business revenue, rental income, dividends)

  • Asset and Liability-Driven Cashflow Impacts (loan repayments, investment contributions)

  • Expense-Driven Cashflow Impacts (recurring bills, one-off expenses)

  • Non-Income Event Cashflow Impacts (from earlier event modifications)

Step 6: Determine Taxable Income & Taxation Impacts

Once all cashflows are determined, taxable income is calculated based on:

  • Taxable Income Impacts (salary, investment income, deductions)

  • Superannuation Contributions (from employment or voluntary contributions)

  • Tax Details Computation (income tax, Medicare levy, HELP debt repayments)

This produces an after-tax cashflow balance for the year.

Step 7: Recalculate Event Impacts (Income-Dependent Events)

Now that total family taxable income is known, the model reevaluates events that are dependent on income (e.g., means-tested government benefits or income-adjusted costs). These new event impacts are applied similarly to Step 2.

Step 8: Compute Net Cashflow and Ending Balances

With all cashflows and tax adjustments in place:

  1. Net Cash Impact is computed (Cash In - Tax - Cash Out)

    If Cash In - Tax - Cash Out is < 0 then a Cash Alert is generated which is displayed on the planning screen at the top of a year.

  2. Ending Cash Balance is determined (Starting Balance + Net Cash Impact)

    If End of Year Cash balance is negative a Cash Alert is generated

  3. Asset Values are Updated to reflect the new balances

  4. Liability Values are Updated to include repayments and interest

  5. Final Tax Summary is recorded.

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